Swedish Patronymics and Surnames Explained

Until the turn of the  20th century, family surnames were not in common use in Sweden. Instead, most Swedes followed a  patronymic naming system, practiced by about  90–95% of the population.  Patronymics (from the Greek  pater, meaning  father, and  onoma, for name)  is the process of designating a surname based upon the given name of the father, thus consistently changing the family surname from one generation to the next. Using Gender Distinction In Sweden,  -son or -dotter was usually  added to the fathers given name for gender distinction. For example,  Johan Andersson would be the son of Anders (Anders’ son) and  Anna Svensdotter the daughter of Sven (Svens’ dotter). Swedish sons names are traditionally spelled with a double s—the first s is the possessive s (Nils as in Nils son) while the second is the s in son. Technically, names that already ended in s such as Nils or Anders should have three ss under this system, but that practice wasnt often followed. It is not uncommon to find Swedish emigrants dropping the extra s for practical reasons, to better assimilate into their new country. Swedish patronymic son names always end in  son, and never sen. In Denmark the regular patronymic is sen. In Norway, both are used, although sen is more common. Icelandic names traditionally end in son or dotir. Adopting Nature Names During the latter-half of the 19th century, some families in Sweden began to take on an additional surname to help distinguish them from others of the same name.  The use of an extra family surname  was more common  for people who moved from the countryside into the city where long-term use of patronymics would have  resulted in dozens of individuals with the same name.  These names were often a composition of words taken from nature, sometimes called nature names.  Generally, the names were made up of two natural features, which may or may not have made sense together (e.g. Lindberg from lind for linden and berg for mountain), although sometimes a single word would make up the entire family name (e.g. Falk for falcon). Sweden passed the Names Adoption Act in December  1901, requiring all citizens to adopt heritable surnames—names that would pass down intact instead of changing every generation. Many families adopted their current surname as their hereditary family surname; a practice  often referred to as a frozen patronymic. In some cases, the family just chose a name they liked—such as a nature name, an occupational surname related to their trade, or a name they were given in the military (e.g. Trygg for confident). At this time most women who were using patronymic surnames ending in -dotter changed their surname to the male version ending in -son. One last note about patronymic surnames. If you are interested in DNA testing for genealogical purposes, a frozen patronymic does not generally go back enough generations to be useful for a Y-DNA surname project. Instead, consider a geographical project such as the Sweden DNA Project.

The Heart Of The Dust - Original Writing Essay - 1269 Words

â€Å"It’s finally over† said Menzil with a sigh. â€Å"It is if they all gathered here† affirmed Vorà ©l. No sooner had he spoken this than the corrupted ash began to stir from the ground. â€Å"BLAST! What now?† He cursed, as a vortex of corruption formed beneath the crystal barbs that had snared the corrupt collective. Without hesitation Menzil unleashed a beam of purifying energy into the heart of the storm, expecting to eradicate what little remained of the corruption. To her dismay, the corruption passed through the beam unscathed. As she cut off the beam, the form of a small dragon became visible at the heart of the vortex, corruption flowing into its form, forming its bone, flesh, and scales. When the last of the corruption reached it, the fledgling dragon opened its eyes and let out a shuddering breath. Immune realized Menzil with horror. But to her surprise, the corrupted dragon simply stood there, quivering, eyes to the ground with its tail low. â€Å"That s odd.† commented Vorà ©l â€Å"The others charged us on sight. what makes this one different?† â€Å"I don’t know...† responded menzil. She sent out a tendril of consciousness, intending to form a weak bond and speak with the corrupted whelp but the moment Menzil’s mind touched the corrupted dragon’s a wave of the Fledglings horror overwhelmed Menzil. Fragmented scenes of violence and bloodshed flowed through her consciousness, several it seemed, from the same battles, each seen through a new pair of eyes. It was only when she saw theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1564 Words   |  7 Pagescriticism and crazy, there is no limit to what you can accomplish. The first genre I chose to include is poetry because it shows how Steinbeck’s personal life could have been. I also chose to include a journal entry because Steinbeck’s certain writing style is unique and would be intriguing to see how he creates his magnificent ideas for his stories. The third genre is an news article because the life of John Steinbeck’s is one that shows how his early life and developments as a young writer andRead MoreAesthetic Differences Between Chinese and Western Poetry1726 Words   |  7 Pagesof Chang Gan Xing by Ezra Pound and Xu Yuangchong respectively. Ã¥  Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥ §â€¹Ã¥ ±â€¢Ã§Å"‰, æ„ ¿Ã¥ Å'Ã¥ °ËœÃ¤ ¸Å½Ã§  °Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¸ ¸Ã¥ ­ËœÃ¦Å  ±Ã¦Å¸ ±Ã¤ ¿ ¡, Ã¥ ²â€šÃ¤ ¸Å Ã¦Å"݌ ¤ «Ã¥  °Ã£â‚¬â€š Version 1(by Ezra Pound) At fifteen I stopped scowling, I desired my dust to be mingled with yours Forever and forever, and forever. Why should I clime the look out? Version 2(by Xu Yuangchong) I was fifteen when I composed my brows. To mix my dust with yours were my dear vows. Rather than break faith, you declared you’d die. Who knew I’d live alone in a tower high? This stanza embodies the merchant’s wife’sRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Goodbye Dad 1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfather’s hair in a final and optimistic attempt to restore the once healthy smile, but now his weaknesses consumed him. â€Å"Goodbye Dad, I have always loved you. Thank you for guiding me on my journey to adulthood and success. Thank you for everything. Your heart was always filled with love and happiness, and your mouth always spoke great words of wisdom†¦and I swear I will live by them till my light fades away. I love you so much dad. Rest In Peace†. As mum and I drove home listening to the agonising painRead MoreA Lonely Illusion - Original Writing1086 Words   |  5 Pagesunnoticeable in such a city of Chicago. An abandoned auditorium, the seat’s leather covered in a thick dust, it’s stage creaking. But despite of every building in the city, she played here. She liked the violin echo off the hollow walls. She liked the empty seats upon her, seats she could fill with her imagination. Each string she played was original. She filled her time with composing or writing music. Hazel walks here everyday. Carrying her violin and loose papers stuffed in her case filled withRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1458 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters and significant events throughout The Great Gatsby. Music is another artistic canvass Fitzgerald utilizes to depict his views of socio-economics and love. The large gap between America’s economic classes is prevalent in Fitzgerald’s writing and choice of music. The first example of this is in Chapter 3, â€Å"By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived no thin five-piece affair but a whole pit full of oboes and trombones and saxophones and violins and cornets and piccolos and low and highRead MoreAnalysis Of Vampiress In Media1109 Words   |  5 Pagesglance. If McGrath were to refine the interview, many people would be drawn towards the article instead of abandoning it in its current state. When first reading through the piece, it is clear that the author of the summaries lacks any form of writing style. Each new sentence is a slab of information, completely devoid of any intriguing wordplay or downright thought woven in. Sentences such as â€Å"Of his sixteen feature before Byzantium, there are only two on which he does not have screenwriting credit†(McGrathRead More Comparison of the Portrayal of Nature in Blake and Wordsworth1518 Words   |  7 PagesBlakes ideal situation is one where imagination would run free and the relationship between man and nature would blossom as man brings his imaginative vision to his meetings with nature. The `mind-forgd manacles would be thrown off and left in the dust of innocence and experience. In The Schoolboy (Songs of Experience), Blake identifies a bird in juxtaposition with the image of the child. In the poem, the child loves to be outside in the summer, when the birds are singing all around, but goingRead MoreParamore - Now Video Analysis1286 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a concert style set-up studio or location miming along to a ballad with bright lights and colorful writing whilst minor storylines happen around them. Instead this video is set in a battlefield filled with dirty- clothed enemies, dust and rotten vegetation, making them the storyline. This has often been done in pop music videos such as ‘Battlefield by Jordin Sparks’ and ‘Jar Of Hearts by Christina Perri†. In a previous Paramore video for ‘crushcrushcrush’ they were in a similar dusty settingRead MoreEssay about Fiction Writing1250 Words   |  5 PagesFiction Writing I sat inhaling and exhaling the sweet sent of this unfamiliar room. As I sat on the solid cherry parquet floor with my back supported by the dusty pink wall, tears of bleakness rolled down my pale cheeks. I drew in a long breath of air in order to calm myself down. I had run up the huge spiral staircase of this huge house, in less than a minute. As adrenaline was still pumping through my body, I found a room to escape my parents annoying bickering.Read MoreIndia My Native Land2185 Words   |  9 Pagesthe degradation and devaluation of India because of her slavery to the British and seeks to regain India’s lost glory and reverence. The poem begins with a grief-stricken utterance  My country!  that reverberates throughout the poem. The poet, with a heart brimming with sorrow, grieves over the lamentable and nightmare scenario of present India. India is trodden under the British feet.   *  My country! The profound patriotic fervor of the poet finds expression in this passionate address.  ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here,

Beauty Analysis of the Idea of Beauty Free Essays

Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty Is beauty only skin deep? What role, if any, does society play in the views of beauty? Does body modification enhance or detract from a person’s beauty? What role does the idea of beauty play in a person’s life? The idea of beauty is something that has changed over generations, and is something that is constantly evolving to this day. The idea of beauty is shaped by media interaction, societal views, and also engaged in by body modification whether that modification be piercing, tattooing, extreme dieting, plastic surgery, or otherwise. Do we, as a society, overvalue the idea of beauty? People use various practices to shape their bodies into culturally defined ideal physiques, and media both construct and reinforce beauty ideals. We will write a custom essay sample on Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Jackson Lyons, 2012) Beauty is defined by the culture a person lives in, grew up in, and is shaped by throughout life. The idea of beauty is never the same for any person, but can have similar characteristics. The media, which is a conduit of the social norm, defines beauty everyday and many feel the need to change themselves in order to fit this idea. â€Å"Within contemporary Westernized cultures there is a pervasive interest in practices aimed at altering the human physique. Such practices, which include cosmetic surgery, bodybuilding, dietary modification, exercise regimes, and eating disorders, signify a cultural fascination with (a pursuit of) the ‘perfect’ body. † (Jackson Lyons, 2012) Some people dedicate their entire lives for the quest to find their ideal of beauty, to become that ideal and to fall into what is deemed as beautiful by societal standards set in place. But is this correct? Is the ideal of beauty presented by the media, and interpreted by the viewer, correct? Are people motivated to modify their bodies because they are dissatisfied with the image of their body? Body image dissatisfaction is pervasive in America. We believe this dissatisfaction may motivate many persons to undergo cosmetic surgery,† indicates David Sarwer, assistant professor of psychology in psychiatry and surgery at the Center for Human Appearance. â€Å"Many persons hope that cosmetic surgery will help them feel better about their appearan ce, which, in turn, may promote other psychological benefits, such as improved self-esteem. † (USA, 1999) Many people turn to plastic surgery to modify their bodies because they want to be thought of as beautiful, whether it be by themselves, another person, or society as a whole. Some people can even take drastic measures and develop unhealthy mental conditions which would make them undergo plastic surgery in a desperate attempt to â€Å"fix† themselves. â€Å"Extreme body image dissatisfaction can be a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder, a psychiatric condition defined as a preoccupation with a slight defect in appearance that leads to excessive concern and interruption in daily functioning. † (USA, 1999) But by going through such extremes, is a person really gaining beauty or are they really demolishing what was already beautiful in the first place? Is being dissatisfied with their body, because of the ideals of beauty pressured onto individuals by society, really a reason to change their image through such a drastic measure as plastic surgery? If body modification through plastic surgery is used to capture that â€Å"ideal beauty†, then what about other forms such as piercing, tattooing, carving, or otherwise? Are those deemed acceptable ways to encompass that idea of beauty presented by society? â€Å"Rumbling through the biker culture and punk, piercing gradually shed its outlaw image and was mass marketed to the impressionable by music videos, rock stars and models. (Leo, 1995) Such extreme forms of body modification are presented by the media and societal pressures to be acceptable, fashionable, and â€Å"in style†. As such, many people leap at the idea to become beautiful through such extreme measures. â€Å"Fashions and fetishes. [†¦]Some ask for dramatic piercings to enhance sexual pleasure, to seem daring or fashionable, to express rage, or to forge a group identity. [†¦]Piercing is part of the broader â€Å"body modification† movement, which includes tattooing, corsetry, branding and scarring by knife. It’s a sign of the times that the more bizarre expressions of this movement keep pushing into the mainstream. (Leo, 1995) But is that all there is to it? Media has deemed such body modification to be acceptable, and society has agreed that it is an idea of beauty. The arguments for, and against, the idea of beauty presented by the media, accepted and enforced by society, and the extremes at which people can go to gain that ideal beauty can be found everywhere. Is beauty only skin deep? Do we, as a society, overvalue the idea of beauty? Media can incite people to what ideal beauty is. Society enforces these views and pressure people into fitting it. Body modification is used by many to gain that idea beauty. But in the end, is that ideal beauty of the skin and body correct or even worth it? References: JACKSON, J. , ; LYONS, T. C. (2012). The perfect body: Men and women negotiate spaces of resistance against beauty and gender ideologies. Women’s Studies Journal, 26(1), 25-33. USA, T. (1999, February). Focusing on body image dissatisfaction. USA Today, 127(2645), Leo, J. (1995, 7 23). The ‘modern primatives’. U. S. News. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/usnews/opinion/articles/950731/archive_032505. htm How to cite Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty, Essay examples

Cuban Missile Crisis free essay sample

Cuban missile crisis- review on events of important history The world was on the edge of nuclear war with the cabin missile crisis. The Cuban revolution, Bay of Pigs, blockade or quarantine, and the cold war. There were just a few of the many contributing factors that led to the Cuban missile crisis. However, it was long before the United States and the Soviet Union were at odds with one another. Both nations revolved around one main conflict, communism. The United States of America supported and funded many anti-communist acts. This is what had first provoked the USSR or Soviet Union to face the United States in such a manner where they were enemies to the us and the U. S. was an enemy to them. Soon the USSR decided to take action by binding affairs with Cuba and their leader, Fidel Castro. This enabled the soviets the privilege to ship missiles to Cuba by sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From there the soviets would have a great advantage point if WWIII were ever to come. But where had Castro come from? The Cuban revolution was one of many causes to the Cuban missile crisis. On January 1st 1959, a communist government for Cuba would have seemed unlikely in. back in 1943, president Batista appointed communist party members to several of his offices, he often used the communist to charge and command his labor unions but as time passed these communist became warily of president Batista’s power to lead. By 1958 Fidel Castro began his rise into power, although at times he had come to seem irresponsible or quite stubborn with the decisions he made. On December 1st 1961, Fidel Castro announced himself a Marxist or communist. He revealed that Cuba was always in the middle of a revolution or such type of a revolutionary state. Around this time most Cubans ether idolized Castro or came to at least accept his philosophies. Fidel Castro had claimed to have the people come first for instance one of his goals was to help the poor. But after he took power one of his first actions was to reduce rent on the island. In that action many U. S. businesses that were supplied by the island were cut off and property was nationalized. Then the U. S. made their first move, on March 1960, a mission called the Bay of Pigs was executed.

I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced

Introduction What would one do if faced with stressful encounters of forced and non-working marriage? Quitting the marriage, better known as divorce in the marriage institution, is the best answer for majority of the victims of such a situation. Imagine being exposed to mistreatments by an in-law mother at a tender age of 10! In I am, Nujood, Age 10 and divorced, Nujood gives a personal narration of an abused marriage, which she found herself into after a strong force by her parents to do so.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Poverty is perhaps one of the contributing factors forcing parents in rural Yemen to curtail their young girl’s education to marry them to men three times their senior. As the paper points out, the women characters employed in the book ‘I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced’ stand out as no more than commodities a nd displays of honor. Women as objects of honor Conferment of honor to women comprises the major theme of the book. In Nujood’s world, one sees women as objects that could bring honor reducing financial challenges to their families perhaps by reducing the burden on parents since marrying a girl off reduces the number of mouths to feed. Acts such early marriage need not be condoned. It seems that women freedom of choice has been much eroded. Nujood says, â€Å"I’m a simple village girl who has always obeyed the orders of my father and brothers. Since forever, I have learned to say yes to everything. Today I have decided to say no† (Nujood, and Minoui 41). Surprisingly, sufficient women’s freedom denial to make their own decisions is even propagated by their brothers who are perhaps seen as more important in the society. Take for instance the Nujood’s predicament; she is battered by her ‘husband’ and treated inappropriately by her in-law mother though she is supposed to bring honor in her family: as her father anticipates. It is intriguing to contemplate the ability of women to bring forth societal honor by depriving them off their freedom of choice and cutting short their efforts to pursue their long life dreams. Nujood is evidently a brilliant woman. In the light of provisions of equal rights to both genders, what could have made Nujood a better source of honor? Is it marrying her off or providing her with an opportunity to pursue education early, enough to be what she is now? In the book, Nujood narrates how she utilized the better part of her time crying while hiding in a corner since she cannot tolerate her husband’s marital rape and her in-law mother’s beatings. She has no permission to play with other kids. While she complained about it, the response is that such permission cannot be granted since it cannot give a good reflection of the marital family’s image. Consequently, one could not perceive the family with honor.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Surprisingly, the motherly concern seems to depend on the instincts well shaped by the society. This fact is well illustrated by the fact that, when Nujood complains about the marital home acts of mistreatment, her real mother responds to her that â€Å"That’s how life is, Nujood: all women must endure this; we have all gone through the same thing† (Nujood, and Minoui 67). According to the cultural norms, freeing marriage for a woman’s paternal home can have a negative repercussion to the family’s honor before the eyes of the society. No matter the magnitude of problems and challenges in the marital home, a woman has to learn to endure and live up with them. Otherwise, she will deprive the family and consequently the society of the respect based on the virtual presence of the woman. Nujood is such an object. She has to maintain this family attribute despite the evident vicissitudes. However, since she is determined to seek for her freedom and honor no matter whether it meant failing to meet the societal expectations or not, she chooses to seek for a courthouse shelter in the capital of Yemen. She opts to claim her due honor as a woman. Opposed to the media’s perception, that the situation is such as the one Nujood found herself engulfed in is being fostered by the Yemeni Islamic practices, in I am, Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced, Nujood makes it frankly clear that the practices can be routed to the Yemeni ideas of male dominance and honor coupled with women discriminating tribal cultures. Her family’s faith alongside with the one she personally subscribes to remain well interwoven throughout the Nujood’s story bringing out clearly their various theological differences. Nujood eyes the person who took up her case and laments, â€Å"Like Shada, I will wear high heels, and I will not cover my face† (Nujood, and Minoui 105). More often, culture as well as the failure to subscribe to a given religion results to an unfair treatment of women in comparison to their male counterparts. To Nujood, the perception that she is to deliver honor to both families by not playing like other children her age or her mother’s demand that she sticks to the marital home irrespective of her encounters is more of societal making through its cultural norms. On her part, she is neither remorseful nor resentful about her subscription to Islam faith. Furthermore, she does not attribute the long endured rights abuse to Islam. All she has is an incredibly immense problem with the practices of the cultural system of her land. Accordingly, justice to women appears to be something not well inculcated in the Nujood’s world. Despite giving her story concisely of how she sorts to say enough to battery marriage and thus opt for a divorce, one can enormously empathize with her predicament.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why the reader also encounters introductions of good men: lawyers and judges, who cling on the Nujood’s side, holding the view that Nujood should receive her due honor rather than the evident marital affliction she encounters, which on the other hand have left her disrespected. Unfortunately, since women are perceived as objects of honor conferment and that the legal proceeding are conducted in an environment dominated by male prominence stereotypes, these good men do not have the foundation to peg their decisions to assist her. However, with the aid of activist lawyer and international press, she manages to divorce her aged husband finding her way back home where she can enjoy her full dignity as a woman rather than just a thing/commodity. Conclusio n Women, like Nujood, who the society views as tools of bringing honor in their families need to be given an ardent hearing. Besides the respect that the society wishes to get from women, they too deserve a good share of it. Such concerns have been voiced elsewhere across the globe. I am Nujood, Age 10 and divorced serves as a revelation by shedding light about the malpractice of lifting off children rights: something that has resulted to the destruction of lives of children for many years. In Yemen, Nujood sets path for other children to rise up against perception of women as objects of honor and commodities of trade particularly by becoming the first Yemen bride child to win a divorce court case. By borrowing from Nujood’s enthusiastic steps to fight for her rightful position, several divorce bride cases in Middle East states including Yemen have been granted followed by increased campaign for enforcement of underage marriage laws. In fact, she has been named the 2008 Glamo ur woman of the year and consequently profiled in New York Times, Time magazine and Los Angeles Times. Works Cited Nujood, Ali, and Minoui, Delphine. I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced. Trans. Coverdale, Linda. New York: Broadway, 2010. This essay on I am Nujood, Age 10 and Divorced was written and submitted by user Lia Noble to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Environmental Analysis for Dominos Pizza Essays

Environmental Analysis for Dominos Pizza Essays Environmental Analysis for Dominos Pizza Paper Environmental Analysis for Dominos Pizza Paper Dominos Pizza Analysis Dominos Pizza was founded in 1960 and operates a network of company- owned and franchise-owned stores in the U. S. A. And internationally. Dominos is recognized world wide as the leader in pizza delivery, Reinforced by their well-known slogan, Get the door. Its Dominos. In order to effectively do an environmental analysis, one must look at the companys external environment. The external environment has 3 components: the remote environment, the industry environment, and the operating environment. Each of those three components have their own subcategories. In this paper I will describe some of the external factors that will affect Dominos external environment over the next ten years. In the remote environment will discuss the economic, social, and technological issues that will affect Dominos over the next decade. For the industry environment I will discuss the substitute availability and competitive rivalry facing Dominos. Finally, for the operating environment, I will be discussing the competitors, customers, and suppliers. When combining all of the information, will be able to project some long term objectives for Dominos Pizza. To achieve long-term prosperity, strategic planners commonly establish long-term objectives in seven areas: Profitability, productivity, competitive position, employee development, employee, relations, technological leadership, and public responsibility. Will use a few of these objectives in order to formulate a plan for Dominos Pizza. Remote Environment Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Because consumption patterns are affected by the relative affluence of various market segments, each firm must consider economic rends in the segments that affect its industry. World events can affect the consumers purchasing habits in a negative or positive way. Recent events such as Hurricane Strain, and the attacks on the world trade center. These events had a negative effect on our economy, and consumers were spending less money. However, in the next ten years the economy is forecasted to improve, allowing consumers to spend more. Consumers are forecasted to have higher levels of disposable income over the next few years. Real disposable household income is expected to increase y nearly 12% over the next five years resulting in more opportunity for expenditure on home delivered food. Over a twenty to thirty year period, the numbers of older people will continue to increase. The research suggests that firms in the home delivery market can benefit from this by building and keeping brand loyalty amongst a generation of people who have grown up as pizza consumers and whose incomes and affluence are likely to grow. The social factors that affect a firm involve the beliefs, values, attitudes, opinions, and lifestyles of persons in the firms external environment, as plopped from cultural, ecological, demographic, religious, educational, and ethnic conditioning. As social attitudes change, so does the demand for delivery pizza. The research shows that, on average, adults in the US eat out and/or eat delivered/take-away meals around 80 times a year. Researchers look at the impact of freeing up time normally spent on preparing food at home, as creating a time oasis. As Americans become busier with their careers and lives, they have less time to prepare meals at home, and the amount of people eating out or ordering in will increase. To avoid obsolescence and promote innovation, a firm must be aware of technological changes that might influence its industry. Creative technological adaptations can suggest possibilities for new products, for improvements in existing products, or in manufacturing and marketing techniques. A technological breakthrough can have a sudden and dramatic effect on a firms environment. In the short term more people will have access to interactive technologies, up from 70% today to 90%, and the number of broadband users will rise. These people will become better at and more confident about e-commerce and buying food online. The report indicates that home food delivery firms already active in this area are likely to be especially successful. Industry Environment Brand identification creates a barrier by forcing entrants to spend heavily to overcome customer loyalty. Advertising, customer service, being first in the industry, and product differences are among the factors fostering brand identification. Dominos Pizza is a proven entity with a 44-year history. They are reinforced by their slogan, Get the door. Its Dominos. Operating Environment. Although the exact criteria used in constructing a competitors profile are argyle determined by situational factors, the following criteria are often included: Market share. Breadth of product line. Effectiveness of sales distribution. Proprietary and key-account advantages. Price competitiveness. Advertising and promotion effectiveness. Location and age of facility. Capacity and productivity. Experience. Raw materials costs. Financial position. Relative product quality. RD advantages position. Caliber of personnel. General images. Customer profile. Patents and copyrights. Union relations. Technological position. Community reputation. In reviewing each of these items, Pizza Hut is the only competitor Domino has that even remotely compares to Dominos Pizza. Dominos Pizza is the number one Pizza Delivery company in the United States. Perhaps the most important aspect of a companys success is their customers. Dominos exists to fulfill a basic need for their customers to provide a high quality, freshly prepared, hot meal delivered on time, every time. Dependable relationships between a firm and its suppliers are essential to he firms long-term survival and growth. A firm regularly relies on its suppliers for financial support, services, materials, and equipment. In addition, it occasionally is forced to make special requests for such favors as quick delivery, liberal credit terms, or broken-lot orders. Dominos Pizza prefers to develop long-term partnerships with proactive suppliers who anticipate their needs, generate cost-saving measures and solve problems to create mutually advantageous outcomes. Dominos is always interested in the potential to establish similar working relationships with new suppliers. They will award business on a competitive basis. Careful source review and selection is important. Pricing is not the only criteria. They demand the very best from our suppliers. Our decisions are based on the ability of suppliers to meet our needs competitive pricing, high product quality and exceptional service levels. Dominos is committed to developing mutually beneficial relationships with a diverse group of suppliers, including minority- and women-owned businesses. We know that having a diverse supplier base makes both Dominos and the diverse businesses stronger in their communities.

Income Tax Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Income Tax - Coursework Example 2. Wages and salaries was composed of: †¨Salary taken by Ronni,  £25,000 †¨Wages paid to Bryn (Ronni’s father) for work done to repair bicycles, at a rate of  £20 per hour (30 hrs x 48 weeks) =  £28,800 †¨Wages paid to assistant bicycle repairer at a rate of  £15 per hour (30 hrs x 48 weeks) =  £21,600 †¨Casual help in shop,  £5,400 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 4. Repairs and renewals was composed of: †¨Repairs to warehouse floor  £850 †¨Repairs to flat above shop  £750 †¨Cleaning materials  £300 †¨Cleaning contract for shop and workshop †¨Ã‚ £500 †¨Sundry small items  £250 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 5. Motor Expenses mainly for the cost of running Ronni’s estate car used for collecting/delivering broken/mended bicycles and for transporting items for the shop from the cash and carry outlet. Private use of the car had been agreed at 30%. †¨Diesel fuel, car  £8500 †¨Insurance for car  £1200 †¨Repairs, car  £350 †¨Road fund tax, car  £375 †¨Rental of van  £600 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ 7. Sundry expenses of were composed of: †¨Subscription to magazine, ‘Cycling Today’ †¨Ã‚ £100 †¨Subscription to Green party  £50 †¨Subscription to ‘New Transport Systems’ †¨Ã‚ £24 †¨Sponsorship of local junior school cycling proficiency awards  £50 †¨Donation to Green party  £25 †¨Donation to local hospital A&E department (Ronni had an accident and broke her arm)  £100 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Postage, stationery and telephone expenses  £100 †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Accountancy charges  £80 †¨Sundry other items  £100†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Calculate the taxable trading profit for Ronni’s business for the year ended 30 September 2011. †¨You should provide your own data where none is given, ensuring that you retain a taxable trading profit (i.e. not a trading loss) and should ensure that you choose data that will fully demonstrate your knowledge of taxation. Calculate the Income tax payable by Ronni for the tax year 2011/12, providing your own data where none is given, to fully demonstrate your knowledge