Swedish Patronymics and Surnames Explained

Until the turn of the  20th century, family surnames were not in common use in Sweden. Instead, most Swedes followed a  patronymic naming system, practiced by about  90–95% of the population.  Patronymics (from the Greek  pater, meaning  father, and  onoma, for name)  is the process of designating a surname based upon the given name of the father, thus consistently changing the family surname from one generation to the next. Using Gender Distinction In Sweden,  -son or -dotter was usually  added to the fathers given name for gender distinction. For example,  Johan Andersson would be the son of Anders (Anders’ son) and  Anna Svensdotter the daughter of Sven (Svens’ dotter). Swedish sons names are traditionally spelled with a double s—the first s is the possessive s (Nils as in Nils son) while the second is the s in son. Technically, names that already ended in s such as Nils or Anders should have three ss under this system, but that practice wasnt often followed. It is not uncommon to find Swedish emigrants dropping the extra s for practical reasons, to better assimilate into their new country. Swedish patronymic son names always end in  son, and never sen. In Denmark the regular patronymic is sen. In Norway, both are used, although sen is more common. Icelandic names traditionally end in son or dotir. Adopting Nature Names During the latter-half of the 19th century, some families in Sweden began to take on an additional surname to help distinguish them from others of the same name.  The use of an extra family surname  was more common  for people who moved from the countryside into the city where long-term use of patronymics would have  resulted in dozens of individuals with the same name.  These names were often a composition of words taken from nature, sometimes called nature names.  Generally, the names were made up of two natural features, which may or may not have made sense together (e.g. Lindberg from lind for linden and berg for mountain), although sometimes a single word would make up the entire family name (e.g. Falk for falcon). Sweden passed the Names Adoption Act in December  1901, requiring all citizens to adopt heritable surnames—names that would pass down intact instead of changing every generation. Many families adopted their current surname as their hereditary family surname; a practice  often referred to as a frozen patronymic. In some cases, the family just chose a name they liked—such as a nature name, an occupational surname related to their trade, or a name they were given in the military (e.g. Trygg for confident). At this time most women who were using patronymic surnames ending in -dotter changed their surname to the male version ending in -son. One last note about patronymic surnames. If you are interested in DNA testing for genealogical purposes, a frozen patronymic does not generally go back enough generations to be useful for a Y-DNA surname project. Instead, consider a geographical project such as the Sweden DNA Project.

The Heart Of The Dust - Original Writing Essay - 1269 Words

â€Å"It’s finally over† said Menzil with a sigh. â€Å"It is if they all gathered here† affirmed Vorà ©l. No sooner had he spoken this than the corrupted ash began to stir from the ground. â€Å"BLAST! What now?† He cursed, as a vortex of corruption formed beneath the crystal barbs that had snared the corrupt collective. Without hesitation Menzil unleashed a beam of purifying energy into the heart of the storm, expecting to eradicate what little remained of the corruption. To her dismay, the corruption passed through the beam unscathed. As she cut off the beam, the form of a small dragon became visible at the heart of the vortex, corruption flowing into its form, forming its bone, flesh, and scales. When the last of the corruption reached it, the fledgling dragon opened its eyes and let out a shuddering breath. Immune realized Menzil with horror. But to her surprise, the corrupted dragon simply stood there, quivering, eyes to the ground with its tail low. â€Å"That s odd.† commented Vorà ©l â€Å"The others charged us on sight. what makes this one different?† â€Å"I don’t know...† responded menzil. She sent out a tendril of consciousness, intending to form a weak bond and speak with the corrupted whelp but the moment Menzil’s mind touched the corrupted dragon’s a wave of the Fledglings horror overwhelmed Menzil. Fragmented scenes of violence and bloodshed flowed through her consciousness, several it seemed, from the same battles, each seen through a new pair of eyes. It was only when she saw theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1564 Words   |  7 Pagescriticism and crazy, there is no limit to what you can accomplish. The first genre I chose to include is poetry because it shows how Steinbeck’s personal life could have been. I also chose to include a journal entry because Steinbeck’s certain writing style is unique and would be intriguing to see how he creates his magnificent ideas for his stories. The third genre is an news article because the life of John Steinbeck’s is one that shows how his early life and developments as a young writer andRead MoreAesthetic Differences Between Chinese and Western Poetry1726 Words   |  7 Pagesof Chang Gan Xing by Ezra Pound and Xu Yuangchong respectively. Ã¥  Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥ §â€¹Ã¥ ±â€¢Ã§Å"‰, æ„ ¿Ã¥ Å'Ã¥ °ËœÃ¤ ¸Å½Ã§  °Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ¸ ¸Ã¥ ­ËœÃ¦Å  ±Ã¦Å¸ ±Ã¤ ¿ ¡, Ã¥ ²â€šÃ¤ ¸Å Ã¦Å"݌ ¤ «Ã¥  °Ã£â‚¬â€š Version 1(by Ezra Pound) At fifteen I stopped scowling, I desired my dust to be mingled with yours Forever and forever, and forever. Why should I clime the look out? Version 2(by Xu Yuangchong) I was fifteen when I composed my brows. To mix my dust with yours were my dear vows. Rather than break faith, you declared you’d die. Who knew I’d live alone in a tower high? 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She liked the empty seats upon her, seats she could fill with her imagination. Each string she played was original. She filled her time with composing or writing music. Hazel walks here everyday. Carrying her violin and loose papers stuffed in her case filled withRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1458 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters and significant events throughout The Great Gatsby. Music is another artistic canvass Fitzgerald utilizes to depict his views of socio-economics and love. The large gap between America’s economic classes is prevalent in Fitzgerald’s writing and choice of music. The first example of this is in Chapter 3, â€Å"By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived no thin five-piece affair but a whole pit full of oboes and trombones and saxophones and violins and cornets and piccolos and low and highRead MoreAnalysis Of Vampiress In Media1109 Words   |  5 Pagesglance. If McGrath were to refine the interview, many people would be drawn towards the article instead of abandoning it in its current state. When first reading through the piece, it is clear that the author of the summaries lacks any form of writing style. Each new sentence is a slab of information, completely devoid of any intriguing wordplay or downright thought woven in. Sentences such as â€Å"Of his sixteen feature before Byzantium, there are only two on which he does not have screenwriting credit†(McGrathRead More Comparison of the Portrayal of Nature in Blake and Wordsworth1518 Words   |  7 PagesBlakes ideal situation is one where imagination would run free and the relationship between man and nature would blossom as man brings his imaginative vision to his meetings with nature. The `mind-forgd manacles would be thrown off and left in the dust of innocence and experience. In The Schoolboy (Songs of Experience), Blake identifies a bird in juxtaposition with the image of the child. In the poem, the child loves to be outside in the summer, when the birds are singing all around, but goingRead MoreParamore - Now Video Analysis1286 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a concert style set-up studio or location miming along to a ballad with bright lights and colorful writing whilst minor storylines happen around them. Instead this video is set in a battlefield filled with dirty- clothed enemies, dust and rotten vegetation, making them the storyline. This has often been done in pop music videos such as ‘Battlefield by Jordin Sparks’ and ‘Jar Of Hearts by Christina Perri†. In a previous Paramore video for ‘crushcrushcrush’ they were in a similar dusty settingRead MoreEssay about Fiction Writing1250 Words   |  5 PagesFiction Writing I sat inhaling and exhaling the sweet sent of this unfamiliar room. As I sat on the solid cherry parquet floor with my back supported by the dusty pink wall, tears of bleakness rolled down my pale cheeks. I drew in a long breath of air in order to calm myself down. I had run up the huge spiral staircase of this huge house, in less than a minute. As adrenaline was still pumping through my body, I found a room to escape my parents annoying bickering.Read MoreIndia My Native Land2185 Words   |  9 Pagesthe degradation and devaluation of India because of her slavery to the British and seeks to regain India’s lost glory and reverence. The poem begins with a grief-stricken utterance  My country!  that reverberates throughout the poem. The poet, with a heart brimming with sorrow, grieves over the lamentable and nightmare scenario of present India. India is trodden under the British feet.   *  My country! The profound patriotic fervor of the poet finds expression in this passionate address.  ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here,

Beauty Analysis of the Idea of Beauty Free Essays

Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty Is beauty only skin deep? What role, if any, does society play in the views of beauty? Does body modification enhance or detract from a person’s beauty? What role does the idea of beauty play in a person’s life? The idea of beauty is something that has changed over generations, and is something that is constantly evolving to this day. The idea of beauty is shaped by media interaction, societal views, and also engaged in by body modification whether that modification be piercing, tattooing, extreme dieting, plastic surgery, or otherwise. Do we, as a society, overvalue the idea of beauty? People use various practices to shape their bodies into culturally defined ideal physiques, and media both construct and reinforce beauty ideals. We will write a custom essay sample on Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Jackson Lyons, 2012) Beauty is defined by the culture a person lives in, grew up in, and is shaped by throughout life. The idea of beauty is never the same for any person, but can have similar characteristics. The media, which is a conduit of the social norm, defines beauty everyday and many feel the need to change themselves in order to fit this idea. â€Å"Within contemporary Westernized cultures there is a pervasive interest in practices aimed at altering the human physique. Such practices, which include cosmetic surgery, bodybuilding, dietary modification, exercise regimes, and eating disorders, signify a cultural fascination with (a pursuit of) the ‘perfect’ body. † (Jackson Lyons, 2012) Some people dedicate their entire lives for the quest to find their ideal of beauty, to become that ideal and to fall into what is deemed as beautiful by societal standards set in place. But is this correct? Is the ideal of beauty presented by the media, and interpreted by the viewer, correct? Are people motivated to modify their bodies because they are dissatisfied with the image of their body? Body image dissatisfaction is pervasive in America. We believe this dissatisfaction may motivate many persons to undergo cosmetic surgery,† indicates David Sarwer, assistant professor of psychology in psychiatry and surgery at the Center for Human Appearance. â€Å"Many persons hope that cosmetic surgery will help them feel better about their appearan ce, which, in turn, may promote other psychological benefits, such as improved self-esteem. † (USA, 1999) Many people turn to plastic surgery to modify their bodies because they want to be thought of as beautiful, whether it be by themselves, another person, or society as a whole. Some people can even take drastic measures and develop unhealthy mental conditions which would make them undergo plastic surgery in a desperate attempt to â€Å"fix† themselves. â€Å"Extreme body image dissatisfaction can be a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder, a psychiatric condition defined as a preoccupation with a slight defect in appearance that leads to excessive concern and interruption in daily functioning. † (USA, 1999) But by going through such extremes, is a person really gaining beauty or are they really demolishing what was already beautiful in the first place? Is being dissatisfied with their body, because of the ideals of beauty pressured onto individuals by society, really a reason to change their image through such a drastic measure as plastic surgery? If body modification through plastic surgery is used to capture that â€Å"ideal beauty†, then what about other forms such as piercing, tattooing, carving, or otherwise? Are those deemed acceptable ways to encompass that idea of beauty presented by society? â€Å"Rumbling through the biker culture and punk, piercing gradually shed its outlaw image and was mass marketed to the impressionable by music videos, rock stars and models. (Leo, 1995) Such extreme forms of body modification are presented by the media and societal pressures to be acceptable, fashionable, and â€Å"in style†. As such, many people leap at the idea to become beautiful through such extreme measures. â€Å"Fashions and fetishes. [†¦]Some ask for dramatic piercings to enhance sexual pleasure, to seem daring or fashionable, to express rage, or to forge a group identity. [†¦]Piercing is part of the broader â€Å"body modification† movement, which includes tattooing, corsetry, branding and scarring by knife. It’s a sign of the times that the more bizarre expressions of this movement keep pushing into the mainstream. (Leo, 1995) But is that all there is to it? Media has deemed such body modification to be acceptable, and society has agreed that it is an idea of beauty. The arguments for, and against, the idea of beauty presented by the media, accepted and enforced by society, and the extremes at which people can go to gain that ideal beauty can be found everywhere. Is beauty only skin deep? Do we, as a society, overvalue the idea of beauty? Media can incite people to what ideal beauty is. Society enforces these views and pressure people into fitting it. Body modification is used by many to gain that idea beauty. But in the end, is that ideal beauty of the skin and body correct or even worth it? References: JACKSON, J. , ; LYONS, T. C. (2012). The perfect body: Men and women negotiate spaces of resistance against beauty and gender ideologies. Women’s Studies Journal, 26(1), 25-33. USA, T. (1999, February). Focusing on body image dissatisfaction. USA Today, 127(2645), Leo, J. (1995, 7 23). The ‘modern primatives’. U. S. News. Retrieved from http://www. usnews. com/usnews/opinion/articles/950731/archive_032505. htm How to cite Beauty: Analysis of the Idea of Beauty, Essay examples

Cuban Missile Crisis free essay sample

Cuban missile crisis- review on events of important history The world was on the edge of nuclear war with the cabin missile crisis. The Cuban revolution, Bay of Pigs, blockade or quarantine, and the cold war. There were just a few of the many contributing factors that led to the Cuban missile crisis. However, it was long before the United States and the Soviet Union were at odds with one another. Both nations revolved around one main conflict, communism. The United States of America supported and funded many anti-communist acts. This is what had first provoked the USSR or Soviet Union to face the United States in such a manner where they were enemies to the us and the U. S. was an enemy to them. Soon the USSR decided to take action by binding affairs with Cuba and their leader, Fidel Castro. This enabled the soviets the privilege to ship missiles to Cuba by sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From there the soviets would have a great advantage point if WWIII were ever to come. But where had Castro come from? The Cuban revolution was one of many causes to the Cuban missile crisis. On January 1st 1959, a communist government for Cuba would have seemed unlikely in. back in 1943, president Batista appointed communist party members to several of his offices, he often used the communist to charge and command his labor unions but as time passed these communist became warily of president Batista’s power to lead. By 1958 Fidel Castro began his rise into power, although at times he had come to seem irresponsible or quite stubborn with the decisions he made. On December 1st 1961, Fidel Castro announced himself a Marxist or communist. He revealed that Cuba was always in the middle of a revolution or such type of a revolutionary state. Around this time most Cubans ether idolized Castro or came to at least accept his philosophies. Fidel Castro had claimed to have the people come first for instance one of his goals was to help the poor. But after he took power one of his first actions was to reduce rent on the island. In that action many U. S. businesses that were supplied by the island were cut off and property was nationalized. Then the U. S. made their first move, on March 1960, a mission called the Bay of Pigs was executed.